(Solved): Q4. a) Define spectrum efficiency and explain its significance in mobile communications. b) Briefly ...

Q4. a) Define spectrum efficiency and explain its significance in mobile communications. b) Briefly explain how spectrum efficiency is measured in mobile networks and enumerate the factors influence it. c) What advancements are being explored to enhance spectrum efficiency in 5G and beyond? d) In a digital communication system, the allocated frequency band for data transmission is 10 MHz . The system adopts a modulation scheme with a symbol rate of

/s Each communication channel requires a bandwidth of 5 kHz . If the system design allows for the sharing of channels among multiple users, and one-fourth of the available channels are dedicated to control and synchronization, calculate the spectral efficiency of modulation. Assume the use of dense metropolitan area configurations with small cell sizes.